Laura Lipton & Bruce Wellman bring us the theories of causation, which tend to fall into six categories. Curriculum, instruction, teachers, students, infrastructure and assessments.
Use this resource to look through multiple lenses when drilling down to root causes. Don't jump on the first idea put on the table rather spend time exploring from the causal categories.
Lipton, L., & Wellman, B. (2012). Got data? Now what?: Creating and leading cultures of inquiry. Solution Tree Press.